Acquired by Google in 2014, the company has created a neural network that learns how to play video games in a fashion similar to that of humans, as well as a Neural Turing machine, or a neural network that may be able to access an external memory like a conventional Turing machine, resulting in a computer that mimics the short-term memory of the human brain. Thus, Watson would not be able to analyse video at present.ĭeepMind Technologies Limited is a British artificial intelligence company founded by Demis Hassabis, Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman in September 2010.
Watson’s capabilities are restricted mainly to Natural Language Processing, in other words, written and spoken text. Once Watson has a small number of potential solutions, it is able to check against its database to ascertain whether the solution makes sense or not. The more algorithms that find the same answer independently the more likely Watson is to be correct. Watson’s main innovation was not in the creation of a new algorithm for this operation but rather its ability to quickly execute hundreds of proven language analysis algorithms simultaneously. Watson parses questions into different keywords and sentence fragments in order to find statistically related phrases. The system can process over 500 gigabytes, or the equivalent of 1 million books, every second. In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor threads and 16 terabytes of RAM. The system is workload-optimized, integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors and built on IBM’s DeepQA technology, which it uses to generate hypotheses, gather massive evidence, and analyze data. Watson uses IBM’s DeepQA software and the Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture) framework. It is no longer purely a question answering (QA) computing system designed from Q&A pairs but can now ‘see’, ‘hear’, ‘read’, ‘talk’, ‘taste’, ‘understand’, ‘reason’, ‘interpret’, ‘learn’ and ‘recommend’.
In recent years, the Watson capabilities have been extended and the way in which Watson works has been changed to take advantage of new deployment models (Watson on IBM Cloud) and evolved machine learning capabilities and optimised hardware available to developers and researchers.
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